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The Dangers of Exposure to Asbestos Asbestos was found in thousands of commercial products before it was banned. According research, exposure to asbestos can cause cancer and a host of other health issues. It is difficult to tell if something has asbestos just simply by looking at it and you won't be able to smell or taste it. It is only found when materials containing asbestos are drilled, chipped or broken. Chrysotile At its height, chrysotile comprised up 99% of asbestos production. It was employed in a variety of industries like construction insulation, fireproofing, and insulation. If workers were exposed to this toxic material, they may develop mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases. Thankfully, the use of this harmful mineral has diminished significantly since mesothelioma awareness began to spread in the 1960's. However, traces of it are still present in common products that we use in the present. Chrysotile is safe to use if you have a comprehensive safety and handling plan in place. It has been discovered that at the current controlled exposure levels, there is no danger to the people handling it. The inhalation of airborne particles has been found to be strongly linked with lung fibrosis and lung cancer. This has been proven for both intensity (dose) and time span of exposure. manchester asbestos lawsuit that studied a facility that used nearly exclusively chrysotile to manufacture friction materials compared mortality rates at this factory with national mortality rates. It was found that for 40 years of processing asbestos chrysotile at a low level of exposure There was no significant additional mortality in this factory. In contrast to other forms of asbestos, chrysotile fibres tend to be shorter. They can penetrate the lungs, and enter the bloodstream. They are more likely to cause health problems than fibres that are longer. It is extremely difficult for chrysotile fibers to be in the air or pose a health risk when mixed with cement. Fibre cement products are used in various parts of the world including hospitals and schools. Research has proven that amphibole asbestos like amosite, crocidolite, or crocidolite, is less likely than chrysotile in causing disease. These amphibole types have been the primary source of mesothelioma, as well as other asbestos-related illnesses. When chrysotile gets mixed with cement, it forms a tough, flexible building product that can withstand harsh weather conditions and other environmental dangers. It is also easy to clean up after use. Asbestos fibers can be easily removed by a professional and then safely disposed of. Amosite Asbestos is a grouping of fibrous silicates found in certain types rock formations. It is comprised of six general groups: serpentine, amphibole anthophyllite, tremolite and crocidolite (IARC, 1973). Asbestos minerals are composed of thin, long fibres that range in length from extremely thin to broad and straight to curled. They can be found in nature in bundles or as individual fibrils. Asbestos can also be found in powder form (talc), or combined with other minerals to create vermiculite or talcum powder. They are extensively used as consumer products, such as baby powder cosmetics and facial powder. Asbestos was widely used during the early two-thirds of the 20th century to construct construction of ships insulation, fireproofing, insulation and other construction materials. The majority of occupational exposures involved asbestos fibres in the air, however some workers were exposed to vermiculite and talc that had been contaminated and also to fragments of asbestos-bearing rocks (ATSDR 2001). Exposures varied from industry industry, era to and geographic location. Asbestos exposure in the workplace is mainly because of inhalation. However, some workers have been exposed via skin contact or by eating food items contaminated with asbestos. Asbestos is only found in the environment because of natural weathering and the degradation of contaminated products, such as ceiling and floor tiles as well as car brakes and clutches, and insulation. It is becoming evident that amphibole fibers that are not commercially available could also be carcinogenic. These are fibres that are not the tightly woven fibrils of the amphibole and serpentine minerals but instead are loose, flexible and needle-like. These fibres can be found in cliffs, mountains and sandstones from a variety of nations. Asbestos is able to enter the environment in a variety of ways, such as in airborne particles. It can also be absorbed into soil or water. This can be caused by both natural (weathering of asbestos-bearing rocks) and anthropogenic sources (disintegration of asbestos-containing wastes and disposal in landfill sites). Asbestos contamination in surface and ground waters is primarily caused through natural weathering. However, it has also been caused by anthropogeny, such as through the mining and milling of asbestos-containing materials, demolition and dispersal, and the disposal of contaminated dumping material in landfills (ATSDR 2001). Inhalation exposure to airborne asbestos fibres is the most common reason for illness among those exposed to asbestos at work. Crocidolite Exposure to asbestos through inhalation is the most frequent method by which people are exposed to the harmful fibres. They can then be inhaled and cause serious health problems. This includes asbestosis and mesothelioma. Exposure to asbestos fibers can be triggered in other ways, such as contact with contaminated clothes or building materials. This type of exposure is more dangerous when crocidolite (the blue form of asbestos) is involved. Crocidolite fibers are less dense and more fragile, making them easier to breathe in. They also can get deeper inside lung tissue. It has been linked to a larger number of mesothelioma related cases than any other form of asbestos. The six primary types are chrysotile as well as amosite. Amosite and chrysotile are two of the most commonly used forms of asbestos, and comprise 95% of asbestos used in commercial construction. The other four have not been as popularly used however, they could be found in older buildings. They are less hazardous than amosite and chrysotile. However, they could be a risk when combined with other asbestos minerals or when mined in close proximity to other mineral deposits, like vermiculite or talc. Numerous studies have demonstrated that there is a link between stomach cancer and asbestos exposure. However, the evidence is contradictory. Some researchers have cited an SMR (standardized death ratio) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-3.6), for all asbestos workers, whereas others have reported an SMR of 1,24 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-2.5), for workers in chrysotile mines and mills. IARC The IARC, also known as the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified all types of asbestos carcinogenic. All asbestos types can cause mesothelioma, however, the risk is dependent on how much exposure is taken, what type of asbestos is involved, and how long exposure lasts. The IARC has recommended that avoid all forms of asbestos should be the top priority as it is the best option for people. However, if someone has been exposed to asbestos in the past and suffer from an illness such as mesothelioma or any other respiratory conditions and require advice, they should seek out guidance from their GP or NHS 111. Amphibole Amphibole belongs to a group of minerals that form long prisms or needle-like crystals. They are a type of silicate mineral that is composed of double chains of molecules of SiO4. They typically have a monoclinic crystal system however some may have an orthorhombic structure. The general formula of an amphibole is A0-1B2C5T8O22(OH,F)2. The double chains consist of (Si,Al)O4 Tetrahedrons which are connected in rings of six. Tetrahedrons may be separated by strips of octahedral site. Amphibole minerals can be found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. They are usually dark and hard. They are sometimes difficult to distinguish from pyroxenes because they have similar hardness and color. They also share a similar cleavage pattern. However their chemistry permits many different compositions. The different minerals within amphibole can be identified by their chemical compositions and crystal structures. Amphibole asbestos includes chrysotile and the five asbestos types: amosite anthophyllite (crocidolite), amosite (actinolite) and amosite. While the most popular asbestos type is chrysotile, each variety has distinct characteristics. The most dangerous form of asbestos, crocidolite, is made up of sharp fibers that are easy to breathe into the lungs. Anthophyllite is yellowish to brown in color and is made up of magnesium and iron. This type of stone was once used in products such as cement and insulation materials. Amphibole minerals are hard to analyze because they have complex chemical structures and a variety of substitutions. Therefore, a thorough analysis of their composition requires specialized techniques. The most widely used methods to identify amphiboles are EDS, WDS, and XRD. These methods can only provide approximate identifications. These techniques, for instance, cannot distinguish between magnesio-hornblende and hastingsite. These techniques also do not distinguish between ferro-hornblende and pargasite.